EMDR THERAPY THROUGH A POLYVAGAL THEORY LENS
Polyvagal theory, developed by Dr. Stephen Porges, offers a comprehensive framework for understanding how our nervous system responds to different levels of safety and threat. Here's a breakdown of the nervous system ladder according to polyvagal theory:
The Nervous System Ladder
Dorsal Vagal Response (Shutdown/Immobilization)
Position: Bottom of the ladder
Response to Danger: In extreme danger, when escape seems impossible, our nervous system might shut down to protect us from pain or trauma.
Symptoms: Numbness, dissociation, depression, feeling blank-minded.
Biological Purpose: This response is akin to playing dead or freezing to avoid pain, as in the example of being caught by a saber-tooth tiger.
Sympathetic Response (Fight or Flight)
Position: Middle of the ladder
Response to Danger: When there is a possibility of escaping the threat, the body prepares to fight or flee.
Symptoms: Increased heart rate, anger, anxiety, restlessness.
Biological Purpose: Mobilizes energy and resources to deal with immediate danger through physical action.
Ventral Vagal Response (Social Engagement)
Position: Top of the ladder
Response to Safety: When we perceive safety, we can connect with others and engage socially.
Symptoms: Calmness, social connection, ability to think clearly and engage with others.
Biological Purpose: Facilitates social interaction, bonding, and effective communication, which are essential for survival and well-being.
Applying Polyvagal Theory in Therapy
EMDR (Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing) therapists use polyvagal theory to help individuals understand that their physiological responses are natural and rooted in their biology. By recognizing and naming these states, individuals can develop greater awareness and control over their responses:
Awareness and Naming: Identifying whether they are in a dorsal vagal, sympathetic, or ventral vagal state.
Flexibility: Learning to move between these states appropriately, enhancing their ability to cope with stress and trauma.
Practical Steps in Therapy
Notice: Help individuals become aware of their bodily sensations and emotional states.
Name: Encourage individuals to label their current state (e.g., "I feel numb" or "I feel anxious").
Navigate: Teach individuals techniques to move from a state of dysregulation (dorsal vagal or sympathetic) to a state of regulation (ventral vagal), such as deep breathing, grounding exercises, or connecting with supportive people.
Understanding polyvagal theory empowers individuals to view their reactions as adaptive responses rather than signs of weakness or failure. This perspective can be particularly validating and therapeutic, fostering resilience and a sense of control over one's mental and emotional health.